Beams are about four times thicker than stems. When hand-drawing stems, their length is equal to four lines of the staff. Stemming directions and beaming conventions are discussed more in Simple Meter and Time Signatures and Compound Meter and Time Signatures. Notes on the middle line can point in either direction, depending on the surrounding notes. For notes above the middle line, the stem points downward, and for notes below the middle line, stems point upward. The stems of notes can point either upward (on the right side of a note) or downward (on the left side of a note). As you can see, noteheads can be drawn too small, too big, or the wrong shape. Noteheads should be oval (not round), and they are tilted slightly upward toward the right. Correct noteheads, open (white) and filled in (black), both on lines and in spaces. Example 3 shows examples of correct noteheads, both open and filled in, both on lines and in spaces: Example 3. Noteheads in a space should just touch the lines above and below. Noteheads on a line should fill in half of each space above and below. A staff consists of five horizontal lines, evenly spaced, and each note is placed on the line or space that corresponds to its pitch (see Clefs below). Staff NotationĪ staff (plural “staves”) is essential for conveying pitch. Example 1 shows an illustration of noteheads, stems, beams, and flags: Example 1. Each written note consists of a notehead (either empty or filled in) and may also have a stem and a beam or flag (see Rhythmic and Rest Values). Notation of NotesĪ note indicates both pitch and rhythm. Western musical notation is read left-to-right and top-to-bottom, like the page of a book in written English. Pitches are notated vertically (on the y-axis), while rhythms are notated horizontally (on the x-axis). Western musical notation privileges two musical features: pitch and rhythm. Extra lines called ledger lines extend a staff higher or lower.A clef indicates which pitches are assigned to the lines and spaces on a staff.The lower note always goes on the left, regardless of whether the stem points up or down. Writing seconds always involves displacing one note to the left or right of a stem.The stems of notes can point either upward (on the right side of a note) or downward (on the left side of a note).A notehead is oval (not round) additionally, it should be neither too large nor too small, and it is tilted slightly upward toward the right. ![]() A notehead must be written carefully on a staff.That is, higher notes are placed above lower ones. ![]() Notes with a higher frequency (shorter wavelength) are written higher on the staff than notes with a lower frequency (longer wavelength).
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